The results of the plebiscite of October 21, 1860 joined the Kingdom of Piedmont/Sardinia, including Lombardy, with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Marches, and Umbria. Tuscany; the Veneto, and Rome itself were to follow. However the Sicilians soon became disenchanted with the new regime, and many of them believed that they had simply exchanged one tyrant for another.

Nonetheless, Garibaldi had accepted the inevitable and, on November 7, riding in a carriage with King Victor Emanuel II of Italy at his side, he re-entered Naples in triumph. The King offered him a generalship in the new Italian army, but he refused. His dream was to march on Rome, lift the Pope’s hold over the city, then attack the Austrians and capture Veneto for Italy. For a time, however, he retired to the island of Caprera, off Sardinia.

Cavour died in 1861. The next year, Garibaldi raised an army in Palermo, which was to march to Rome. In Calabria, however, he was met by the Italian army. Ordering his men not to shoot at other Italians, he was arrested and brought to Naples, where he was immediately released. However, his dream of acquiring Rome and the rest of Italy came true. In 1866, Italy allied with Prussia against Austria, and it gained the Veneto after being victorious. In 1870, at war with Prussia, Napoleon III ordered his troops out of Rome. On September 20, the city was added to the new Kingdom of Italy, with the Papacy retaining only Vatican City.

Church of St. Fracncis, Naples