The military action of 'Annunzio was emblematic of the un-surmountable problems facing the winners antl the losers of World War I. Its Armistice was a prelude to the formal Peace. Treaty begrudgingly signed by the belligerents--it seemed no one was happy. But, the establishment of the League of Nations was doomed the moment that U.S. President Wilson promulgated his Fourteen Points. In effect, President Wilson came up with an instrument to guide the Europeans to achieve peace by themselves and on their own without a significant presence of the United States. Neither Italy--a victor, was satisfied with the terms of the treaty, nor Germany--a loser, was happy to see its people quashed by the harsh terms imposed by the Treaty.

Although this was a time of social upheavals, Europeans in general and the Italians specifically believed that despite their social problems no big war loomed on the horizon. They also believed that the Treaty, whose terms restricted Germany on offensive military tactics and equipment built-ups, kept them relatively safe from potential attacks. Asa result, many nations, including America, antl more specifically Italy, redu.d their military budgets and activities. Italy's underwater guerrilla underwater tactics, however, which had shown so much promise, were not altogether abandoned. Because the memory of those feats remained alive and memorialized, the Italian Navy could not destroy it altogether. It was reduced to a point of just keeping the program alive.