Before1900, Italian immigrants in America were primarily skilled professionals working for Spain and France. These countries established colonies in America and were in need of skilled professionals. Mostly explorers, soldiers, missionaries, etc., these Italians were found throughout America. Although some returned to Europe, many stayed and their contributions to this land remain legendary.

Italians also came to America directly from Italy. They resided in remote and urban areas along the eastern coast. Most were hired directly by the colonies and worked as teachers, merchants, explorers, sculptors, musicians, painters, and soldiers.